INTRODUCTION

 

Tourism impacts derived from various type of tourism development and activities. The positive impacts of tourism generate many benefits, while negative impacts can gradually destroy tourism resources.

PERSONAL DETAILS

 NAME                         :    AFIQAH IZZATI BINTI SABRI 

GROUP                        :     MHM1111D

STUDENT ID              :     2020655478  

AGE                             :     20 YEARS OLD 

 IMPACT OF TOURISM ( PENANG )

Penang is situated along the Straits of Malacca on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is only after Perlis, the second smallest state in Malaysia. The name Penang is actually derived from a tree that is commonly located along the sea side of Penang Island called Pokok Pinang. The state of Penang may be subdivided into two geographies in general: the island of Penang and also the Perai of Seberang. Penang, which is widely made up of hilly topography, has a small development area of low land, hence the land reclamation project near the coastal area. Penang Island is also packed with many cultures and customs that are certainly missing in many other places in Malaysia. 

In these beautiful areas, the history and heritage sites are still intact and held to perfection. The way of life of the Penang sites has undeniably changed tourism tremendously. With a touch of traditions and old world elegance, Penang combines modernity that is sure to captivate the hearts of many visitors and travelers alike. Recently listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site, George Town makes visiting Penang an even more eventful journey.  

With its rich and abundant scrumptious cuisines and mouth-watering food, Penang also entices tourists. Home to the descendants of Baba Nyonya, this beautiful state is also rich with cultures and traditions that live harmoniously under the same roof! Penang is labeled as one of the country's leading destinations today, and many tourists visiting Malaysia would definitely expect this site to be visited. The main reason why Penang is where it is today is primarily because it also has a better and more developed infrastructure than most other places in the nation. For the convenience of the locals and to attract tourists and outsiders to take part in any sports event here, there are two stadiums located in Penang. 

The first and oldest stadium that is still in use until today is the City Stadium, or more commonly known as Stadium Bandaraya Pulau Pinang. It was built by the British in 1932 and has become a popular place for football matches ever since. Penang State Stadium is the other stadium mentioned. This newly completed stadium had a capacity of 40,000 spectators back in 2000. None other than the Geodesic Dome situated at Komtar is the next cutting edge architectural infrastructure constructed in Penang. This advanced and progressive dome is a multipurpose hall used for official functions, concerts, state activities and many other purposes of the event. Penang is definitely very commendable in terms of highway infrastructure as well.

The few expressways designed for the convenience of car users are highways like the Bayan Lepas Elevated Highway, Jelutong Expressway and Butterworth Outer Ring Road. The main airport for the northern area of Peninsular Malaysia is Penang International Airport (PEN). At present, AirAsia, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, Firefly, Jetstar Asia, China Southern Airlines, Kartika Airlines, Lion Air, Malaysia Airlines, Silkair, Singapore Airlines, Sriwijaya Air, Thai Airways and Tiger Airways are among the airlines flying to Penang International Airport. 

 After KLIA, Kota Kinabalu International Airport and Kuching International Airport, this airport is also recognized as the fourth biggest airport in Malaysia. It has also been awarded the 2009 Frost and Sullivan Asia Pacific Aerospace and Defense Airport of the Year for airports in the category of under 15 million passengers. 

TOURISM IMPACT INFOGRAPHIC 

The economy will be stagnant without tourism". "There are many top-notch facilities and infrastructures, such as the better public transport system and the Penang stadium, with the presence of tourism in Penang. There was a sense of certainty for some about the possibility of tourism in this state flourishing. With so many demands from visitors across the world, regardless of domestic or foreign, many assumed that tourism was likely to take place regardless of whether local people wanted it or not.  The newly renovated Swettenham Cruise Terminal has added an additional entry point to the island. On the basis of the Penang Economics Monthly Statistics April 2010 Issue4.10, it is reported that a total of680, 000 cruise passengers arrived in Penang in 2009. It has been predicted that there will be at least 890,000 visitors this year. The average cruise passenger spends anywhere from US$85 (RM280) to US$115 (RM350) a day when they arrive on shore. Provided that they are in Penang for less than 12 hours, that's not bad.  

The successful 'courtship' of the Middle Eastern market by Tourism Malaysia is undoubtedly another factor that contributes to the booming economic growth of Penang from the tourism sector.  It has been evident that the occurrence of 11 September is a significant factor affecting the rise in arrivals of Middle Eastern tourists to Malaysia. However, there are other variables in this region, such as tourist expenses in Malaysia, tourist income, travel expenses and living standards, which also have a major effect on the number of tourists arriving. Among the key tourism industries, the most direct effects exist —lodging, hotels, travel, amusements, and retail trade.  This clearly tells us that tourism is the key influence of this multiplier principle, where tourism contributes to the growth of other sectors, such as restaurants, shopping centers and theme parks. 

There are still several negative effects on tourism on Penang Island, however. For one thing, a nation that relies solely on the tourism industry as its main source of income may be risky and unsafe. In order for a state to thrive and grow, economic reliance should always be flexible and all-rounded.  This is because tourism is a very seasonal sector.

Tourist arrivals will increase tremendously during the peak season, particularly during the year-end era. In comparison, the number of visitors during the off-peak season would decrease significantly. And this can pose a danger to the well-being of the society, as it may produce a high rate of unemployment. This is happened because the corona virus pandemic (covid-19) that has swept the world, has left no industry unaffected. 

TOURISM IMPACTS IMAGE REVIEW

 

PRESSURE ON THE RESOURCES OF THE AREA. 

This is one of tourism's unavoidable detrimental consequences. Obviously, when you stay in a town, you use local resources. You use electricity and water, you get a car to drive about, you eat local food and buy produce. Therefore, if so many people remain in one location, local resources can become exhausted over time. New subterranean water will possibly be the first to vanish. In many cities and regions around the world, this is already happening. California is renowned for its droughts and in conditions of water shortage, people need to get used to living. 

Some individuals already need to reduce their shower time and then reuse the water to flash the toiler or water the plants. We continue to forget about this, but tourism places immense stress on the use of local land and can contribute to soil erosion. In some places, under their own weight, the buildings collapse into the earth. The soil is also destroyed by the development of new infrastructure (roads, airports) and houses. The environmental resources on which tourism itself is based can be progressively destroyed by these effects.  

 There are two strategies to overcome the negative impact it is Energetic Save. The burning of fossil fuels provides the bulk of our energy. Water Management. The value of water can not be stressed enough. 

DESTRUCTION OF NATURE AND HABITAT LOSS. 

Any growth calls for some interference with nature. Infrastructure is most frequently designed without a sustainable development strategy or policies to protect the environment. Therefore, growth comes at the detriment of nature. For new hotels and roads, new areas of land need to be cleared. Animals are losing their natural environment and are forced to migrate to a new area. Sometimes, when defending their territories or searching for food, animals come into contact with humans. Unfortunately, animals are at a disadvantage most of the time,  

The issue of waste management is a major contributor to environmental degradation. It adversely affects marine life if untreated waste water is discharged into the ocean. If other waste is disposed of improperly (for example, discarded in the forest or in the river), the area can be contaminated by the contaminants emitted over time by the waste. Increased vehicle numbers, higher noise levels, deforestation and pollution are disturbing the region's ecological balance.

 By protecting natural resources and learning how to use them in a way that does not require such regular habitat destruction, we will combat habitat loss. Equally relevant is supervision. To legalize how much of a given area can be altered for the benefit of humans, plans and guidelines should be set out. We give wildlife time to adapt and leave more areas undisturbed for the sake of biodiversity by exercising more restraint. 

We should also teach the value of biodiversity to others. Comprehensive environmental education helps individuals understand how biodiversity is important and teaches ways in which everyone can contribute to causes that help keep many different organisms alive. 

CASE STUDY 1

(a)  The island’s garbage dumps are reportedly overflowing. This makes solid waste management a pressing issue. Some 60% of Bali’s water catchment are drying up, threatening freshwater resources.

(b)   1. Recycle ( duh).

  It seems simple, but we don't do a great job of doing that. Less than 14 per cent of plastic packaging, for instance, is recycled. Confused on what can go in the bin and what can't? On the bottom of the jar, check out the number. Many bottles of soda and liquid cleaner would be #1 (PET), which most curbside recycling companies usually recognize. Also recyclable in some areas are containers labelled #2 (HDPE; usually slightly heavier-duty bottles for milk, juice, and laundry detergent) and #5 (PP; plastic cutlery, yogurt and margarine tubs, ketchup bottles). 

       2. Bring your own garment bag to the dry cleaner.

  Invest in a bag of zippered cloth and ask that your washed things be returned instead of plastic sheathed in it. (And while you're at it, be sure to visit a dry cleaner that skips perc, a hazardous chemical contained in some solvent cleaners.) 

       3. Stop buying water. 

 Nearly 20 billion plastic bottles are dumped into the garbage each year. Carry in your bag a reusable bottle, and you'll never be caught having to go back to Poland Spring or Evian. Look for a model with a built-in filter if you are worried about the consistency of your local tap water. 

CASE STUDY 2

(a)  In terms of ecological harm, tourism boosts the depletion processes of water, fuel, food, and forests in the travel destinations.

For example, golf resorts in countries such as Cyprus are extremely costly. These resorts need 1500 kg of chemical fertilizers,

pesticides and herbicides per year. For maintenance the amount of water that could be consumed by 60 thousand villagers is

used. Other than that, there is obviously pollution, emissions, noise, waste. 

(b)     1. Share company guidelines. 

When team members are able to quickly access corporate policies, at the moment they need them, they are more easily informed to know what to do. Questions like: Is this task billable or not billable? What rate do I use? This is easily shared at at just the moment, with integrated Knowledge Management.

          2.  Automate approvals.

Managers must have direct insight to monitor and validate how much time is being spent on billable projects, vs non-billable work, and in a timely manner so they can correct discrepancies early in the cycle. Setting up a system that can automatically request and capture management approval will ensure accuracy and timeliness. It will also give accounting teams the confidence to issue invoices as soon as the month closes. 

(c) When it comes to infrastructure, local authorities often allocate funds for the development of airports, roads, but neglect more

important areas and issues. Other than that, local residents are affected by the price jumps connected with mass tourism

inflow, as their income does not increase proportionately. Another risky factor is the dependence on tourism. Over-reliance on tourism entails significant risks. For example, natural

disasters, or a structural change in tourism can have a devastating impact on the local economy of the travel destinations and leave a large number of people unemployed.